MAT-08 Standards

8th Grade (MAT) Targeted Standard     (AR) Algebraic Reasoning  (EE) Expressions and Equations Learners will look for, generate, and make sense of patterns, relationships, and algebraic symbols to represent mathematical models while adapting approaches in novel situations.

Proficiency Scale

Progressions

Equations/Expressions

• MAT-01.AR.OA.06 Use the +, -, and = symbols accurately in an equation.
• MAT-02.AR.OA.02 Apply the properties of operations to solve addition and subtraction equations and justify thinking.
• MAT-03.AR.OA.02 Apply the properties of operations to solve multiplication and division equations and justify thinking.
• MAT-03.AR.OA.03 Solve word two-step authentic word problems using addition and subtraction within 1000, including equations with a letter as an unknown.
• MAT-03.AR.OA.04 Use strategies and visual models to solve authentic word problems with multiplication within 100, including unknowns, using grouping models and equations.
• MAT-03.AR.OA.05 Use strategies and visual models to solve authentic word problems with division within 100, including unknowns, using grouping models and equations.
• MAT-04.AR.OA.03 Solve multi-step authentic word problems using the four operations, including problems with interpreted remainders.
• MAT-04.AR.OA.05 Interpret multiplication equations as a comparison. Represent multiplicative comparisons as multiplication equations.
• MAT-05.AR.OA.02 Analyze problems using the order of operations to solve and evaluate expressions while justifying thinking.
• MAT-05.AR.OA.03 Write simple expressions that record calculations with numbers. Interpret numerical expressions without evaluating them.
• MAT-06.AR.EE.01 Write, read, and evaluate numerical expressions, including expressions with whole number exponents and grouping symbols.
• MAT-06.AR.EE.02 Read and evaluate algebraic expressions, including expressions with whole number exponents and grouping symbols. Write algebraic expressions to represent simple and authentic situations.
• MAT-06.AR.EE.04 Describe the concept of a solution of an equation or an inequality. Determine whether a given number is a solution to an equation or an inequality.
• MAT-06.AR.EE.05 Write and solve equations of the form of x + p = q and px = q for cases in which p and q are non-negative whole numbers or decimals, including authentic problems.
• MAT-07.AR.EE.02 Write and solve equations of the form px + q = r and p(x + q) = r , including in authentic problems.
• MAT-08.AR.EE.01 Explain the relationship between repeated multiplication and the properties of integer exponents. Apply a single exponent property to generate equivalent numeric and algebraic expressions that include numerical coefficients.
• MAT-08.AR.EE.02 Use square root and cube root symbols to represent solutions to equations of the form x² = p and x³ = p, where p is a non-negative rational number.
• MAT-08.AR.EE.06 Read, write, and evaluate numerical and algebraic expressions, including expressions involving absolute value. Solve and graph equations of the form |x| = r where r is a nonnegative rational number.
• MAT-09.AR.01 Use the structure of an expression (i.e., quadratic and exponential) to identify ways to rewrite it.
• MAT-09.AR.04 Create linear and exponential equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities. Graph equations on coordinate axes with appropriate labels and scales.
• MAT-12.AR.03 Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in context.
• MAT-12.AR.02 Use the structure of an expression (to extend to polynomial and rational expressions) to identify ways to rewrite it.

Equivalent Expressions

• MAT-06.AR.EE.03 Identify when two expressions are equivalent. Apply the properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
• MAT-07.AR.EE.01 Apply the properties of operations as strategies to add, subtract, factor, and expand linear expressions involving variables, integers, and/or non-negative fractions and decimals with an emphasis on writing equivalent expressions.
• MAT-08.AR.EE.01 Explain the relationship between repeated multiplication and the properties of integer exponents. Apply a single exponent property to generate equivalent numeric and algebraic expressions that include numerical coefficients.
• MAT-09.NO.02 Perform basic operations on simple radical expressions to write a simplified equivalent expression.
• MAT-09.AR.01 Use the structure of an expression (i.e., quadratic and exponential) to identify ways to rewrite it.
• MAT-09.AR.02 Rearrange formulas to isolate a quantity or variable(s) of interest using the same reasoning as in solving equations.
• MAT-09.AR.07 Rearrange multi-variable formulas to highlight a quantity of interest.
• MAT-09.AR.F.06 Write a function defined by an expression in different but equivalent forms to reveal and explain the different properties of the function.
• MAT-12.NO.02 Perform operations on complex radical expressions to write a simplified equivalent expression.
• MAT-12.AR.01 Rearrange multi-variable formulas to highlight a quantity of interest.
• MAT-12.AR.02 Use the structure of an expression (to extend to polynomial and rational expressions) to identify ways to rewrite it.
• MAT-12.AR.04 Choose and produce an equivalent form of an expression to reveal and explain properties of the quantity represented by the expression.
• MAT-12.AR.05 Add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational expressions. Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to rational numbers, closed under addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division by a nonzero rational expression.
• MAT-12.AR.F.03 Write a function defined by an expression in different but equivalent forms to reveal and explain the different properties of the function.
• MAT-12.GM.01 Write the equation of a conic section given its special features. Convert between the standard form and general form equations of conic sections.
• MAT-12.GM.02 Identify key features of a conic section given its equation. Apply properties of conic sections in context.
• MAT-12.NO.12 Extend polynomial identities to the complex numbers.

8th Grade (MAT) Targeted Standard     (AR) Algebraic Reasoning  (EE) Expressions and Equations Learners will look for, generate, and make sense of patterns, relationships, and algebraic symbols to represent mathematical models while adapting approaches in novel situations.

Proficiency Scale

Progressions

Linear Equations

• MAT-07.AR.EE.01 Apply the properties of operations as strategies to add, subtract, factor, and expand linear expressions involving variables, integers, and/or non-negative fractions and decimals with an emphasis on writing equivalent expressions.
• MAT-08.AR.EE.03 Explain the characteristics of a linear relationship, including identifying the slope and yintercept in tables, graphs, equations, and descriptions.
• MAT-08.AR.EE.04 Represent linear relationships using tables, graphs, equations, and descriptions when given a relationship in one of these forms.
• MAT-08.AR.EE.05 Solve linear equations with rational number coefficients and variables on both sides, including equations that require using the distributive property and/or combining and collecting like terms. Interpret the number of solutions. Give examples of linear equations in one variable with one solution, many solutions, or no solutions.
• MAT-09.AR.03 Create equations and inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear, quadratic, and exponential functions.
• MAT-09.AR.04 Create linear and exponential equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities. Graph equations on coordinate axes with appropriate labels and scales.
• MAT-09.AR.05 Justify each step in solving a linear equation that may or may not have a solution.
• MAT-09.AR.06 Solve linear equations and inequalities (to include compound inequalities) in one variable.
• MAT-09.AR.07 Solve a system of linear equations graphically and algebraically. Create and solve a system of linear equations in context and interpret the results.
• MAT-12.AR.05 Add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational expressions. Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to rational numbers, closed under addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division by a nonzero rational expression.
• MAT-12.AR.07 Create equations and inequalities and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic functions and simple rational and exponential functions.
• MAT-12.AR.08 Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities.
• Graph equations on coordinate axes with appropriate labels and scales.
• MAT-12.AR.09 Represent constraints by equations or inequalities and by systems of equations and/or inequalities and interpret solutions as viable or non-viable options in a modeling context.
• MAT-12.AR.12 Solve simple rational and radical equations in one variable and identify extraneous solutions.
• MAT-12.AR.F.14 Write arithmetic and geometric sequences both recursively and with an explicit formula and convert between the two forms. Use sequences to model situations.
• MAT-12.AR.15 Apply the Factor and Remainder Theorems to determine efficiently whether a liner expression is a factor of a polynomial expression.
• MAT-12.AR.16 Using graphs, technology, tables, or successive approximations, show that the solution(s) to the equation f(x) = g(x) is the x-value(s) that result in the y-values of f(x) and g(x) being the same.
• MAT-12.AR.17 Solve a simple system consisting of a linear equation and a quadratic equation in two variables algebraically and graphically.
• MAT-12.AR.18 Find the inverse of a matrix if it exists and use it to solve systems of linear equations (using technology for matrices of dimension 3 × 3 or greater).
• MAT-12.NO.13 Apply the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra to find all roots of a polynomial equation and determine the nature (i.e., integer, rational, irrational, real, complex) of the roots.
• MAT-12.AR.19 Solve a system of equations in three or more variables with matrices (using technology).
• MAT-12.AR.F.23 Use inverse functions to solve trigonometric equations that arise in modeling contexts; evaluate the solutions and interpret them in context.

Ratio and Proportional Relationships

• MAT-06.AR.RP.01 Describe the concept of a ratio relationship between two quantities using ratio language and visual models.
• MAT-06.AR.RP.03 Make and use tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, and equations to reason about ratios, rates, and unit rates.
• MAT-07.AR.RP.02 Analyze the relationships between the dependent and independent variables of a proportional relationship using graphs and tables. Explain what a point (x, y) on the graph of a proportional relationship means in terms of the situation, with special attention to the points (0, 0) and (1, k) where k is the unit rate.
• MAT-07.AR.RP.03 Identify the constant of proportionality in tables, graphs, equations, diagrams, and verbal descriptions of proportional relationships. Represent proportional relationships by an equation of the form y = kx, where k is the constant of proportionality, and describe the meaning of each variable (y, k, x) in the context of the situation.
• MAT-07.AR.RP.04 Use proportional relationships to solve multi-step problems involving ratios, percents, and scale drawings of geometric figures, including authentic problems.
• MAT-08.AR.EE.03 Explain the characteristics of a linear relationship, including identifying the slope and yintercept in tables, graphs, equations, and descriptions.
• MAT-08.AR.EE.04 Represent linear relationships using tables, graphs, equations, and descriptions when given a relationship in one of these forms.
• MAT-10.GM.14 Verify experimentally and justify the properties of dilations given by a center and a scale factor.
• MAT-10.GM.15 Use transformations to decide if two given figures are similar. Apply the meaning of similarity for triangles as the equality of all corresponding pairs of angles and the proportionality of all corresponding pairs of sides.
• MAT-10.GM.16 Prove similarity theorems about triangles.
• MAT-10.GM.18 Recognize how the properties of similar right triangles allow the trigonometric ratios to be defined and determine the sine, cosine, and tangent of an acute angle in a right triangle.
• MAT-10.GM.20 Solve applied problems involving right triangles using trigonometric ratios, the Pythagorean Theorem, and special right triangles (30°-60°-90° and 45°-45°-90°).
• MAT-10.GM.25 Explain and use the formulas for arc length and area of sectors of circles.
• MAT-10.GM.26 Recognize that the radian measure of an angle is the ratio of the length of the arc to the length of the radius of a circle.
• MAT-10.GM.29 Determine the midpoint or endpoint of a line segment using coordinates. (+) Find the point on a directed line segment between two given points that partitions the segment in a given ratio.
• MAT-10.GM.36 Apply geometric methods to solve design problems (e.g., designing an object or structure to satisfy physical constraints or minimize cost; scaling a model).
• MAT-12.GM.03 Determine and apply appropriate formulas to solve right and non-right triangle problems in context.

8th Grade (MAT) Targeted Standard     (AR) Algebraic Reasoning  (EE) Expressions and Equations Learners will look for, generate, and make sense of patterns, relationships, and algebraic symbols to represent mathematical models while adapting approaches in novel situations.

Proficiency Scale

Progressions

Properties of Operations

• MAT-02.AR.OA.02 Apply the properties of operations to solve addition and subtraction equations and justify thinking.
• MAT-03.AR.OA.02 Apply the properties of operations to solve multiplication and division equations and justify thinking.
• MAT-04.AR.OA.02 Identify and apply the properties of operations for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division and justify thinking.
• MAT-05.AR.OA.02 Analyze problems using the order of operations to solve and evaluate expressions while justifying thinking.
• MAT-06.AR.EE.03 Identify when two expressions are equivalent. Apply the properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
• MAT-07.AR.EE.01 Apply properties of operations as strategies to add, subtract, factor, and expand linear expressions involving variables, integers, and/or non-negative fractions and decimals with an emphasis on writing equivalent expressions.
• MAT-08.AR.EE.05 Solve linear equations with rational number coefficients and variables on both sides, including equations that require using the distributive property and/or combining and collecting like terms. Interpret the number of solutions. Give examples of linear equations in one variable with one solution, infinitely showing solutions or no solutions.
• MAT-09.AR.05 Justify each step in solving a linear equation that may or may not have a solution.

Linear Equations

• MAT-07.AR.EE.01 Apply the properties of operations as strategies to add, subtract, factor, and expand linear expressions involving variables, integers, and/or non-negative fractions and decimals with an emphasis on writing equivalent expressions.
• MAT-08.AR.EE.03 Explain the characteristics of a linear relationship, including identifying the slope and yintercept in tables, graphs, equations, and descriptions.
• MAT-08.AR.EE.04 Represent linear relationships using tables, graphs, equations, and descriptions when given a relationship in one of these forms.
• MAT-08.AR.EE.05 Solve linear equations with rational number coefficients and variables on both sides, including equations that require using the distributive property and/or combining and collecting like terms. Interpret the number of solutions. Give examples of linear equations in one variable with one solution, many solutions, or no solutions.
• MAT-09.AR.03 Create equations and inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear, quadratic, and exponential functions.
• MAT-09.AR.04 Create linear and exponential equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities. Graph equations on coordinate axes with appropriate labels and scales.
• MAT-09.AR.05 Justify each step in solving a linear equation that may or may not have a solution.
• MAT-09.AR.06 Solve linear equations and inequalities (to include compound inequalities) in one variable.
• MAT-09.AR.07 Solve a system of linear equations graphically and algebraically. Create and solve a system of linear equations in context and interpret the results.
• MAT-12.AR.05 Add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational expressions. Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to rational numbers, closed under addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division by a nonzero rational expression.
• MAT-12.AR.07 Create equations and inequalities and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic functions and simple rational and exponential functions.
• MAT-12.AR.08 Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities.
• Graph equations on coordinate axes with appropriate labels and scales.
• MAT-12.AR.09 Represent constraints by equations or inequalities and by systems of equations and/or inequalities and interpret solutions as viable or non-viable options in a modeling context.
• MAT-12.AR.12 Solve simple rational and radical equations in one variable and identify extraneous solutions.
• MAT-12.AR.F.14 Write arithmetic and geometric sequences both recursively and with an explicit formula and convert between the two forms. Use sequences to model situations.
• MAT-12.AR.15 Apply the Factor and Remainder Theorems to determine efficiently whether a liner expression is a factor of a polynomial expression.
• MAT-12.AR.16 Using graphs, technology, tables, or successive approximations, show that the solution(s) to the equation f(x) = g(x) is the x-value(s) that result in the y-values of f(x) and g(x) being the same.
• MAT-12.AR.17 Solve a simple system consisting of a linear equation and a quadratic equation in two variables algebraically and graphically.
• MAT-12.AR.18 Find the inverse of a matrix if it exists and use it to solve systems of linear equations (using technology for matrices of dimension 3 × 3 or greater).
• MAT-12.NO.13 Apply the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra to find all roots of a polynomial equation and determine the nature (i.e., integer, rational, irrational, real, complex) of the roots.
• MAT-12.AR.19 Solve a system of equations in three or more variables with matrices (using technology).
• MAT-12.AR.F.23 Use inverse functions to solve trigonometric equations that arise in modeling contexts; evaluate the solutions and interpret them in context.

8th Grade (MAT) Targeted Standard     (AR) Algebraic Reasoning  (EE) Expressions and Equations Learners will look for, generate, and make sense of patterns, relationships, and algebraic symbols to represent mathematical models while adapting approaches in novel situations.

Proficiency Scale

Progressions

Inequalities

• MAT-06.AR.EE.04 Describe the concept of a solution to an equation or an inequality. Determine whether a given number is a solution to an equation or an inequality.
• MAT-06.AR.EE.06 Write a statement of inequality of the form x > c or the form x < c to represent a constraint or condition. Recognize that inequalities of the form x > c or the form x < c have infinitely many solutions; represent solutions of such inequalities on number line diagrams.
• MAT-07.AR.EE.03 Write and solve one- and two-step inequalities where coefficients and solutions are integers and/or non-negative fractions and decimals, including authentic problems. Graph the solution set of the inequality and interpret it in the context of the problem.
• MAT-08.AR.EE.07 Solve and graph inequalities in one variable with rational number coefficients and variables on both sides, including equations that require using the distributive property and/or combining like terms.
• MAT-08.AR.EE.08 Graph linear inequalities in two variables on a coordinate plane. Interpret the possible solutions in the context of authentic problems.
• MAT-09.AR.03 Create equations and inequalities in two variables and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear, quadratic, and exponential functions.
• MAT-09.AR.06 Solve linear equations and inequalities (to include compound inequalities) in one variable.
• MAT-09.AR.07 Solve a system of linear equations graphically and algebraically. Create and solve a system of linear equations in context and interpret the results.
• MAT-09.AR.08 Graph the solution set to a two-variable system of linear inequalities. Create and graph the solution set to a two-variable system of linear inequalities in context.
• MAT-09.AR.09 Solve absolute value equations and inequalities in one or two variables.
• MAT-12.AR.07 Create equations and inequalities and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic functions and simple rational and exponential functions.
• MAT-12.AR.09 Represent constraints by equations or inequalities and by systems of equations and/or inequalities and interpret solutions as viable or non-viable options in a modeling context.

8th Grade (MAT) Targeted Standard     (AR) Algebraic Reasoning  (F) Functions Learners will develop a foundational knowledge of functions and use them to model relationships between quantities.

Proficiency Scale

Progressions

Functional Relationships

• MAT-08.AR.F.01 Defend whether a relation is a function from various representations using appropriate function language.
• MAT-08.AR.F.02 Compare and contrast properties of two linear functions, each represented in a different way (algebraically, graphically, numerically in tables, and/or by descriptions).
• MAT-08.AR.F.03 Compare and contrast linear and non-linear functions represented in different ways (algebraically, graphically, numerically in tables, and/or by descriptions).
• MAT-08.AR.F.04 Model a linear relationship between two quantities by creating a table, graph, and equation. Interpret the rate of change and initial value of a linear function in terms of the situation it models.
• MAT-08.AR.F.05 Describe qualitatively the functional relationship between two quantities by analyzing a graph, including where the function is constant, increasing, or decreasing; linear or nonlinear; and discrete or continuous. Create a graph that exhibits the qualitative features of a function described.
• MAT-09.AR.F.01 Determine whether a relationship is a function given a table, graph, or words, identifying x as an element of the domain and f(x) as an element in the range. Determine the domain and range of a function in context.
• MAT-09.AR.F.02 Use function notation, evaluate functions for inputs in their domains and interpret statements that use function notation in terms of context.
• MAT-09.AR.F.03 Sketch key features (to include intercepts, maximums, minimums, and lines of symmetry, where applicable) of linear, exponential, and quadratic functions modeling the relationship between two quantities using tables, graphs, written descriptions, and equations.
• MAT-09.AR.F.04 Relate the domain of a linear, quadratic, or exponential function to its graph and, where applicable, to the quantitative relationship it describes.
• MAT-09.AR.F.05 Calculate and interpret the average rate of change of a linear, quadratic, or exponential function (presented algebraically or as a table) over a specified interval. Estimate the rate of change from a graph.
• MAT-09.AR.F.06 Write a function defined by an expression in different but equivalent forms to reveal and explain the different properties of the function.
• MAT-09.AR.F.07 Compare key features of two linear, exponential, or quadratic functions, each represented in a different way (algebraically, graphically, numerically in tables, or by verbal descriptions).
• MAT-09.AR.F.08 Identify situations that can be modeled with linear, quadratic, and exponential functions.
• MAT-09.AR.F.10 Find the inverse of a linear function and describe the relationship between the domain, range, and graph of the function and its inverse. Graph the inverse of a linear function.
• MAT-09.AR.F.11 Interpret the parameters of a linear, quadratic, or exponential function in terms of context.
• MAT-10.GM.02 Represent transformations in the plane. Describe transformations as functions that take points in the plane as inputs and give other points as outputs. Compare transformations that preserve distance and angle to those that do not (i.e., rigid versus non-rigid motion).
• MAT-10.GM.26 Recognize that the radian measure of an angle is the ratio of the length of the arc to the length of the radius of a circle.
• MAT-12.AR.F.01 Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities.
• MAT-12.AR.F.02 Calculate and interpret the average rate of change of a function (presented symbolically or as a table) over a specified interval. Estimate the rate of change from a graph.
• MAT-12.AR.F.03 Write a function defined by an expression in different but equivalent forms to reveal and explain the different properties of the function.
• MAT-12.AR.F.04 Identify the effect of transformations on the graph of a function by replacing f(x) with af(x), f(bx), f(x - h), and f(x) + k, for specific values of a, h, and k (both positive and negative). Find the value of a, b, h, and k given the graph of the function. Recognize even and odd functions from their graphs and equations.
• MAT-12.AR.F.05 Find inverse functions.
• MAT-12.AR.F.06 Apply the inverse relationship between exponents and logarithms to solve problems.
• MAT-12.AR.F.07 Compare key features of two functions, each represented in a different way (algebraically, graphically, numerically, in tables, or by verbal descriptions).
• MAT-12.AR.F.08 Use tables, graphs, verbal discussions, and equations to interpret and sketch the key features of a function modeling the relationship between two quantities.
• MAT-12.AR.F.09 Relate the domain of a function to its graph and, where applicable, to the quantitative relationship it describes.
• MAT-12.AR.F.11 Analyze and graph functions expressed symbolically (by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases), identifying key features of the graph.
• MAT-12.AR.F.12 Compare the end behavior of linear, quadratic, and exponential functions using graphs and/or tables to show that a quantity.
• MAT-12.AR.F.13 Determine whether a linear, quadratic, polynomial, exponential, logarithmic, or trigonometric model fits the situation. Determine an appropriate mathematical model in context (with or without technology).
• MAT-12.AR.F.14 Write arithmetic and geometric sequences both recursively and with an explicit formula and convert between the two forms. Use sequences to model situations.
• MAT-12.AR.F.16 Extend right triangle trigonometry and apply knowledge of the unit circle to determine values of sine, cosine, and tangent for multiples of π /3, π/4 and π/6.
• MAT-12.AR.F.17 Use the Pythagorean Identity sin²(θ) + cos²(θ) = 1 to find sin(θ), cos(θ), or tan(θ) given sin(θ), cos(θ), or tan(θ) and the quadrant of the angle.
• MAT-12.AR.F.18 Explain how the unit circle in the coordinate plane enables the extension of trigonometric functions to all real numbers, interpreted as radian measures of angles traversed counterclockwise around the unit circle.
• MAT-12.AR.F.19 Use the unit circle to express the values of sine, cosine, and tangent for π - x, π + x, and 2π - x in terms of their values for x, where x is any real number.
• MAT-12.AR.F.20 Use the unit circle to explain the symmetry (odd and even) and the periodicity of trigonometric functions.
• MAT-12.AR.F.21 Create a trigonometric function to model periodic phenomena.
• MAT-12.AR.F.22 Restrict the domain of a trigonometric function to construct its inverse.
• MAT-12.AR.F.23 Use inverse functions to solve trigonometric equations that arise in modeling contexts; evaluate the solutions and interpret them in context.
• MAT-12.AR.F.24 Know and apply the addition and subtraction formulas for sine, cosine, and tangent to solve problems.

8th Grade (MAT) Targeted Standard     (AR) Algebraic Reasoning  (F) Functions Learners will develop a foundational knowledge of functions and use them to model relationships between quantities.

Proficiency Scale

Progressions

Functional Relationships

• MAT-08.AR.F.01 Defend whether a relation is a function from various representations using appropriate function language.
• MAT-08.AR.F.02 Compare and contrast properties of two linear functions, each represented in a different way (algebraically, graphically, numerically in tables, and/or by descriptions).
• MAT-08.AR.F.03 Compare and contrast linear and non-linear functions represented in different ways (algebraically, graphically, numerically in tables, and/or by descriptions).
• MAT-08.AR.F.04 Model a linear relationship between two quantities by creating a table, graph, and equation. Interpret the rate of change and initial value of a linear function in terms of the situation it models.
• MAT-08.AR.F.05 Describe qualitatively the functional relationship between two quantities by analyzing a graph, including where the function is constant, increasing, or decreasing; linear or nonlinear; and discrete or continuous. Create a graph that exhibits the qualitative features of a function described.
• MAT-09.AR.F.01 Determine whether a relationship is a function given a table, graph, or words, identifying x as an element of the domain and f(x) as an element in the range. Determine the domain and range of a function in context.
• MAT-09.AR.F.02 Use function notation, evaluate functions for inputs in their domains and interpret statements that use function notation in terms of context.
• MAT-09.AR.F.03 Sketch key features (to include intercepts, maximums, minimums, and lines of symmetry, where applicable) of linear, exponential, and quadratic functions modeling the relationship between two quantities using tables, graphs, written descriptions, and equations.
• MAT-09.AR.F.04 Relate the domain of a linear, quadratic, or exponential function to its graph and, where applicable, to the quantitative relationship it describes.
• MAT-09.AR.F.05 Calculate and interpret the average rate of change of a linear, quadratic, or exponential function (presented algebraically or as a table) over a specified interval. Estimate the rate of change from a graph.
• MAT-09.AR.F.06 Write a function defined by an expression in different but equivalent forms to reveal and explain the different properties of the function.
• MAT-09.AR.F.07 Compare key features of two linear, exponential, or quadratic functions, each represented in a different way (algebraically, graphically, numerically in tables, or by verbal descriptions).
• MAT-09.AR.F.08 Identify situations that can be modeled with linear, quadratic, and exponential functions.
• MAT-09.AR.F.10 Find the inverse of a linear function and describe the relationship between the domain, range, and graph of the function and its inverse. Graph the inverse of a linear function.
• MAT-09.AR.F.11 Interpret the parameters of a linear, quadratic, or exponential function in terms of context.
• MAT-10.GM.02 Represent transformations in the plane. Describe transformations as functions that take points in the plane as inputs and give other points as outputs. Compare transformations that preserve distance and angle to those that do not (i.e., rigid versus non-rigid motion).
• MAT-10.GM.26 Recognize that the radian measure of an angle is the ratio of the length of the arc to the length of the radius of a circle.
• MAT-12.AR.F.01 Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities.
• MAT-12.AR.F.02 Calculate and interpret the average rate of change of a function (presented symbolically or as a table) over a specified interval. Estimate the rate of change from a graph.
• MAT-12.AR.F.03 Write a function defined by an expression in different but equivalent forms to reveal and explain the different properties of the function.
• MAT-12.AR.F.04 Identify the effect of transformations on the graph of a function by replacing f(x) with af(x), f(bx), f(x - h), and f(x) + k, for specific values of a, h, and k (both positive and negative). Find the value of a, b, h, and k given the graph of the function. Recognize even and odd functions from their graphs and equations.
• MAT-12.AR.F.05 Find inverse functions.
• MAT-12.AR.F.06 Apply the inverse relationship between exponents and logarithms to solve problems.
• MAT-12.AR.F.07 Compare key features of two functions, each represented in a different way (algebraically, graphically, numerically, in tables, or by verbal descriptions).
• MAT-12.AR.F.08 Use tables, graphs, verbal discussions, and equations to interpret and sketch the key features of a function modeling the relationship between two quantities.
• MAT-12.AR.F.09 Relate the domain of a function to its graph and, where applicable, to the quantitative relationship it describes.
• MAT-12.AR.F.11 Analyze and graph functions expressed symbolically (by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases), identifying key features of the graph.
• MAT-12.AR.F.12 Compare the end behavior of linear, quadratic, and exponential functions using graphs and/or tables to show that a quantity.
• MAT-12.AR.F.13 Determine whether a linear, quadratic, polynomial, exponential, logarithmic, or trigonometric model fits the situation. Determine an appropriate mathematical model in context (with or without technology).
• MAT-12.AR.F.14 Write arithmetic and geometric sequences both recursively and with an explicit formula and convert between the two forms. Use sequences to model situations.
• MAT-12.AR.F.16 Extend right triangle trigonometry and apply knowledge of the unit circle to determine values of sine, cosine, and tangent for multiples of π /3, π/4 and π/6.
• MAT-12.AR.F.17 Use the Pythagorean Identity sin²(θ) + cos²(θ) = 1 to find sin(θ), cos(θ), or tan(θ) given sin(θ), cos(θ), or tan(θ) and the quadrant of the angle.
• MAT-12.AR.F.18 Explain how the unit circle in the coordinate plane enables the extension of trigonometric functions to all real numbers, interpreted as radian measures of angles traversed counterclockwise around the unit circle.
• MAT-12.AR.F.19 Use the unit circle to express the values of sine, cosine, and tangent for π - x, π + x, and 2π - x in terms of their values for x, where x is any real number.
• MAT-12.AR.F.20 Use the unit circle to explain the symmetry (odd and even) and the periodicity of trigonometric functions.
• MAT-12.AR.F.21 Create a trigonometric function to model periodic phenomena.
• MAT-12.AR.F.22 Restrict the domain of a trigonometric function to construct its inverse.
• MAT-12.AR.F.23 Use inverse functions to solve trigonometric equations that arise in modeling contexts; evaluate the solutions and interpret them in context.
• MAT-12.AR.F.24 Know and apply the addition and subtraction formulas for sine, cosine, and tangent to solve problems.

8th Grade (MAT) Targeted Standard     (AR) Algebraic Reasoning  (F) Functions Learners will develop a foundational knowledge of functions and use them to model relationships between quantities.

Proficiency Scale

Progressions

Functional Relationships

• MAT-08.AR.F.01 Defend whether a relation is a function from various representations using appropriate function language.
• MAT-08.AR.F.02 Compare and contrast properties of two linear functions, each represented in a different way (algebraically, graphically, numerically in tables, and/or by descriptions).
• MAT-08.AR.F.03 Compare and contrast linear and non-linear functions represented in different ways (algebraically, graphically, numerically in tables, and/or by descriptions).
• MAT-08.AR.F.04 Model a linear relationship between two quantities by creating a table, graph, and equation. Interpret the rate of change and initial value of a linear function in terms of the situation it models.
• MAT-08.AR.F.05 Describe qualitatively the functional relationship between two quantities by analyzing a graph, including where the function is constant, increasing, or decreasing; linear or nonlinear; and discrete or continuous. Create a graph that exhibits the qualitative features of a function described.
• MAT-09.AR.F.01 Determine whether a relationship is a function given a table, graph, or words, identifying x as an element of the domain and f(x) as an element in the range. Determine the domain and range of a function in context.
• MAT-09.AR.F.02 Use function notation, evaluate functions for inputs in their domains and interpret statements that use function notation in terms of context.
• MAT-09.AR.F.03 Sketch key features (to include intercepts, maximums, minimums, and lines of symmetry, where applicable) of linear, exponential, and quadratic functions modeling the relationship between two quantities using tables, graphs, written descriptions, and equations.
• MAT-09.AR.F.04 Relate the domain of a linear, quadratic, or exponential function to its graph and, where applicable, to the quantitative relationship it describes.
• MAT-09.AR.F.05 Calculate and interpret the average rate of change of a linear, quadratic, or exponential function (presented algebraically or as a table) over a specified interval. Estimate the rate of change from a graph.
• MAT-09.AR.F.06 Write a function defined by an expression in different but equivalent forms to reveal and explain the different properties of the function.
• MAT-09.AR.F.07 Compare key features of two linear, exponential, or quadratic functions, each represented in a different way (algebraically, graphically, numerically in tables, or by verbal descriptions).
• MAT-09.AR.F.08 Identify situations that can be modeled with linear, quadratic, and exponential functions.
• MAT-09.AR.F.10 Find the inverse of a linear function and describe the relationship between the domain, range, and graph of the function and its inverse. Graph the inverse of a linear function.
• MAT-09.AR.F.11 Interpret the parameters of a linear, quadratic, or exponential function in terms of context.
• MAT-10.GM.02 Represent transformations in the plane. Describe transformations as functions that take points in the plane as inputs and give other points as outputs. Compare transformations that preserve distance and angle to those that do not (i.e., rigid versus non-rigid motion).
• MAT-10.GM.26 Recognize that the radian measure of an angle is the ratio of the length of the arc to the length of the radius of a circle.
• MAT-12.AR.F.01 Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities.
• MAT-12.AR.F.02 Calculate and interpret the average rate of change of a function (presented symbolically or as a table) over a specified interval. Estimate the rate of change from a graph.
• MAT-12.AR.F.03 Write a function defined by an expression in different but equivalent forms to reveal and explain the different properties of the function.
• MAT-12.AR.F.04 Identify the effect of transformations on the graph of a function by replacing f(x) with af(x), f(bx), f(x - h), and f(x) + k, for specific values of a, h, and k (both positive and negative). Find the value of a, b, h, and k given the graph of the function. Recognize even and odd functions from their graphs and equations.
• MAT-12.AR.F.05 Find inverse functions.
• MAT-12.AR.F.06 Apply the inverse relationship between exponents and logarithms to solve problems.
• MAT-12.AR.F.07 Compare key features of two functions, each represented in a different way (algebraically, graphically, numerically, in tables, or by verbal descriptions).
• MAT-12.AR.F.08 Use tables, graphs, verbal discussions, and equations to interpret and sketch the key features of a function modeling the relationship between two quantities.
• MAT-12.AR.F.09 Relate the domain of a function to its graph and, where applicable, to the quantitative relationship it describes.
• MAT-12.AR.F.11 Analyze and graph functions expressed symbolically (by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases), identifying key features of the graph.
• MAT-12.AR.F.12 Compare the end behavior of linear, quadratic, and exponential functions using graphs and/or tables to show that a quantity.
• MAT-12.AR.F.13 Determine whether a linear, quadratic, polynomial, exponential, logarithmic, or trigonometric model fits the situation. Determine an appropriate mathematical model in context (with or without technology).
• MAT-12.AR.F.14 Write arithmetic and geometric sequences both recursively and with an explicit formula and convert between the two forms. Use sequences to model situations.
• MAT-12.AR.F.16 Extend right triangle trigonometry and apply knowledge of the unit circle to determine values of sine, cosine, and tangent for multiples of π /3, π/4 and π/6.
• MAT-12.AR.F.17 Use the Pythagorean Identity sin²(θ) + cos²(θ) = 1 to find sin(θ), cos(θ), or tan(θ) given sin(θ), cos(θ), or tan(θ) and the quadrant of the angle.
• MAT-12.AR.F.18 Explain how the unit circle in the coordinate plane enables the extension of trigonometric functions to all real numbers, interpreted as radian measures of angles traversed counterclockwise around the unit circle.
• MAT-12.AR.F.19 Use the unit circle to express the values of sine, cosine, and tangent for π - x, π + x, and 2π - x in terms of their values for x, where x is any real number.
• MAT-12.AR.F.20 Use the unit circle to explain the symmetry (odd and even) and the periodicity of trigonometric functions.
• MAT-12.AR.F.21 Create a trigonometric function to model periodic phenomena.
• MAT-12.AR.F.22 Restrict the domain of a trigonometric function to construct its inverse.
• MAT-12.AR.F.23 Use inverse functions to solve trigonometric equations that arise in modeling contexts; evaluate the solutions and interpret them in context.
• MAT-12.AR.F.24 Know and apply the addition and subtraction formulas for sine, cosine, and tangent to solve problems.

8th Grade (MAT) Targeted Standard     (DPS) Data Probability and Statistics (DA) Data Analysis Learners will ask and answer questions by collecting, organizing, and displaying relevant data, drawing inferences and conclusions, and making predictions.

Proficiency Scale

Progressions

Data Analysis

• MAT-01.DPS.D.02 Analyze data by answering descriptive questions.
• MAT-02.DPS.D.03 Analyze data and interpret the results to solve one-step comparison problems using information from the graphs.
• MAT-03.DPS.D.03 Analyze data and make simple statements to solve one- and two-step problems using information from the graphs.
• MAT-04.DPS.D.02 Generate data and create line plots to display a data set of fractions of a unit (1/2, 1/4, 1/8). Solve problems involving addition and subtraction of fractions by using information presented in line plots.
• MAT-04.DPS.D.03 Utilize graphs and diagrams to represent and solve word problems using the four operations involving whole numbers, benchmark fractions, and decimals.
• MAT-05.DPS.D.01 Generate data and create line plots to display a data set of fractions of a unit (1/2, 1/4, 1/8). Use grade-level operations for fractions to solve problems involving information presented in line plots.
• MAT-05.DPS.D.02 Utilize graphs and diagrams to represent, analyze, and solve authentic problems using information presented in one or more tables or line plots, including whole numbers, fractions, and decimals.
• MAT-06.DPS.DA.02 Calculate measures of center (median and mean) and variability (range and mean absolute deviation) to answer a statistical question. Identify mode(s) if they exist.
• MAT-06.DPS.DA.03 Identify outliers by observation and describe their effect on measures of center and variability. Justify which measures would be appropriate to answer a statistical question.
• MAT-06.DPS.DA.04 Display numerical data in plots on a number line, including dot plots and histograms. Describe any overall patterns in data, such as gaps, clusters, and skews.
• MAT-07.DPS.DA.02 Analyze and draw inferences about a population using single and multiple random samples by using given measures of center and variability for the numerical data set.
• MAT-08.DPS.DA.01 Interpret scatter plots for bivariate measurement data to investigate patterns such as clustering, outliers, positive or negative association, linear association, and nonlinear association.
• MAT-08.DPS.DA.02 Draw a trend line on a given scatter plot with a linear association and justify its fit by describing the closeness of the data points to the line.
• MAT-08.DPS.DA.03 Solve authentic problems in the context of bivariate measurement data by interpreting the slope and intercept(s) and making predictions using a linear model.
• MAT-08.DPS.DA.04 Construct and interpret a two-way table summarizing bivariate categorical data collected from the same subjects.
• MAT-10.DPS.02 Compare the center (median, mean) and spread (interquartile range, standard deviation) of two or more different data sets using statistics appropriate to the shape of the data distribution.
• MAT-10.DPS.03 Represent data on two quantitative variables on a scatter plot and describe how the variables are related.
• MAT-10.DPS.04 Distinguish between correlation and causation.
• MAT-10.DPS.10 Construct and interpret two-way frequency tables of data for two categorical variables. Use the two-way table as a sample space to decide if events are independent and approximate conditional probabilities.
• MAT-12.DPS.01 Interpret differences in shape, center, and spread in the context of the data sets, accounting for possible effects of extreme data points (outliers).
• MAT-12.DPS.02 Use the mean and standard deviation of a data set to fit it to a normal distribution and estimate population percentages. Recognize that there are data sets for which such a procedure is not appropriate.
• MAT-12.DPS.03 Evaluate reports based on data.
• MAT-12.DPS.04 Represent data on a scatter plot for two quantitative variables and describe how the variables are related.
• MAT-12.DPS.05 Informally assess the fit of a function by plotting and analyzing residuals.
• MAT-12.DPS.06 Use data from a sample survey to estimate a population means or proportion; develop a margin of error through the use of simulation models for random sampling.
• MAT-12.DPS.07 Understand the process of making inferences about population parameters based on a random sample from that population.
• MAT-12.DPS.08 Decide if a specified model is consistent with results from a given data-generating process (e.g., using simulation).

8th Grade (MAT) Targeted Standard     (GM) Geometry and Measurement (AV) Area and Volume Learners will use visualization and spatial reasoning to solve problems involving the area, surface area, and volume of geometric figures.

Proficiency Scale

Progressions

Volume

• MAT-05.GM.M.03 Recognize volume as an attribute of rectangular prisms and measure volume by counting unit cubes.
• MAT-06.GM.AV.02 Describe the concept of volume of a right rectangular prism. Apply given formulas to calculate the volume of right rectangular prisms, including fractional edge lengths, including authentic problems.
• MAT-07.GM.AV.03 Solve problems involving the volume of prisms and composite solids, including authentic problems.
• MAT-08.GM.AV.01 Apply given formulas to solve problems involving the volume of cones, cylinders, and spheres, including authentic problems.
• MAT-10.GM.32 Calculate the surface area for prisms, cylinders, pyramids, cones, and spheres to solve problems.
• MAT-10.GM.33 Know and apply volume formulas for prisms, cylinders, pyramids, cones, and spheres to solve problems.
• MAT-10.GM.35 Apply concepts of density based on area and volume in modeling situations (e.g., persons per square mile, BTUs per cubic foot).

8th Grade (MAT) Targeted Standard     (GM) Geometry and Measurement (GF) Geometric Figures Learners will use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling to investigate the characteristics of figures, perform transformations, and construct logical arguments.

Proficiency Scale

Progressions

Angles/Triangles

• MAT-03.GM.G.01 In two-dimensional shapes, identify lines, angles (right, acute, obtuse), and perpendicular and parallel lines.
• MAT-04.GM.G.01 Identify, label, and draw points, lines, line segments, rays, and angles (right, acute, obtuse).
• MAT-04.GM.M.07 Recognize angle measures as additive and solve addition and subtraction problems to find unknown angles on a diagram.
• MAT-07.GM.GF.01 Draw triangles from given conditions using appropriate tools. Defend whether a unique triangle, multiple triangles, or no triangle can be constructed when given three measures of angles or sides.
• MAT-07.GM.GF.02 Describe the angle-pair relationships: supplementary angles, complementary angles, vertical angles, and adjacent angles. Solve for an unknown angle in a figure by applying facts about these angles.
• MAT-08.GM.GF.04 Describe the following angle-pair relationships: interior and exterior angles of triangles and angles formed when a transversal cuts parallel lines or intersecting lines. Solve for an unknown angle in a figure by applying facts about these angles.
• MAT-08.GM.GF.05 Describe the relationship between the leg length and the hypotenuse length of a right triangle. Determine whether a triangle is a right triangle using this relationship.
• MAT-08.GM.GF.06 Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to determine unknown side lengths in right triangles in two and three dimensions on and off a coordinate plane, including authentic problems.
• MAT-10.GM.01 Know precise definitions of angle, circle, perpendicular line, parallel line, and line segment based on the undefined notions of point, line, and plane.
• MAT-10.GM.09 Prove and apply theorems about lines and angles.
• MAT-10.GM.10 Prove and apply theorems about triangles.
• MAT-10.GM.18 Recognize how the properties of similar right triangles allow for trigonometric ratios to be defined and determine the sine, cosine, and tangent of an acute angle in a right triangle.
• MAT-10.GM.19 Explain and use the relationship between the sine and cosine of complementary angles.
• MAT-10.GM.20 Solve applied problems involving right triangles using trigonometric ratios, the Pythagorean Theorem, and special right triangles (30º, -60º, -90º, and 45º-45º-90º).
• MAT-10.GM.21 Solve unknown sides and angles of non-right triangles using the Laws of Sines and Cosines.
• MAT-10.GM.23 Construct the incenter and circumcenter of a triangle. Relate the incenter and circumcenter to the inscribed and circumscribed circles.
• MAT-10.GM.24 Construct a tangent line from a point outside a given circle to the circle.
• MAT-10.GM.26 Recognize that the radian measure of an angle is the ratio of the length of the arc to the length of the radius of a circle.
• MAT-12.AR.F.16 Extend right triangle trigonometry and apply knowledge of the unit circle to determine values of sine, cosine, and tangent for multiples of π/3, π/4, and π/6.
• MAT-12.AR.F.17 Use the Pythagorean Identity sin² (θ) + cos² (θ) = 1 to find sin (θ), cos (θ), or tan (θ) given sin (θ), cos (θ), or tan (θ) and the quadrant of the angle.
• MAT-12.GM.03 Determine and apply appropriate formulas to solve right and non-right triangle problems in context

8th Grade (MAT) Targeted Standard     (GM) Geometry and Measurement (GF) Geometric Figures Learners will use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling to investigate the characteristics of figures, perform transformations, and construct logical arguments.

Proficiency Scale

Progressions

Angles/Triangles

• MAT-03.GM.G.01 In two-dimensional shapes, identify lines, angles (right, acute, obtuse), and perpendicular and parallel lines.
• MAT-04.GM.G.01 Identify, label, and draw points, lines, line segments, rays, and angles (right, acute, obtuse).
• MAT-04.GM.M.07 Recognize angle measures as additive and solve addition and subtraction problems to find unknown angles on a diagram.
• MAT-07.GM.GF.01 Draw triangles from given conditions using appropriate tools. Defend whether a unique triangle, multiple triangles, or no triangle can be constructed when given three measures of angles or sides.
• MAT-07.GM.GF.02 Describe the angle-pair relationships: supplementary angles, complementary angles, vertical angles, and adjacent angles. Solve for an unknown angle in a figure by applying facts about these angles.
• MAT-08.GM.GF.04 Describe the following angle-pair relationships: interior and exterior angles of triangles and angles formed when a transversal cuts parallel lines or intersecting lines. Solve for an unknown angle in a figure by applying facts about these angles.
• MAT-08.GM.GF.05 Describe the relationship between the leg length and the hypotenuse length of a right triangle. Determine whether a triangle is a right triangle using this relationship.
• MAT-08.GM.GF.06 Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to determine unknown side lengths in right triangles in two and three dimensions on and off a coordinate plane, including authentic problems.
• MAT-10.GM.01 Know precise definitions of angle, circle, perpendicular line, parallel line, and line segment based on the undefined notions of point, line, and plane.
• MAT-10.GM.09 Prove and apply theorems about lines and angles.
• MAT-10.GM.10 Prove and apply theorems about triangles.
• MAT-10.GM.18 Recognize how the properties of similar right triangles allow for trigonometric ratios to be defined and determine the sine, cosine, and tangent of an acute angle in a right triangle.
• MAT-10.GM.19 Explain and use the relationship between the sine and cosine of complementary angles.
• MAT-10.GM.20 Solve applied problems involving right triangles using trigonometric ratios, the Pythagorean Theorem, and special right triangles (30º, -60º, -90º, and 45º-45º-90º).
• MAT-10.GM.21 Solve unknown sides and angles of non-right triangles using the Laws of Sines and Cosines.
• MAT-10.GM.23 Construct the incenter and circumcenter of a triangle. Relate the incenter and circumcenter to the inscribed and circumscribed circles.
• MAT-10.GM.24 Construct a tangent line from a point outside a given circle to the circle.
• MAT-10.GM.26 Recognize that the radian measure of an angle is the ratio of the length of the arc to the length of the radius of a circle.
• MAT-12.AR.F.16 Extend right triangle trigonometry and apply knowledge of the unit circle to determine values of sine, cosine, and tangent for multiples of π/3, π/4, and π/6.
• MAT-12.AR.F.17 Use the Pythagorean Identity sin² (θ) + cos² (θ) = 1 to find sin (θ), cos (θ), or tan (θ) given sin (θ), cos (θ), or tan (θ) and the quadrant of the angle.
• MAT-12.GM.03 Determine and apply appropriate formulas to solve right and non-right triangle problems in context

8th Grade (MAT) Targeted Standard    (NO) Number and Operations  (NS) Number Sense Learners will expand their knowledge of the number system to create connections and solve problems within and across concepts.

Proficiency Scale

Progressions

Compare Numbers and/or Expressions

• MAT-00.NO.NBT.02 Compare two numbers between 1 and 20 using words greater than, less than, or equal to.
• MAT-01.NO.NBT.02 Compare two two-digit numbers using symbols >, <, and =. Justify comparisons based on the number of tens and ones.
• MAT-02.NO.NBT.02 Compare two three-digit numbers using symbols >, <, and =. Justify comparisons based on the value of thousands, hundreds, tens, and ones.
• MAT-03.NO.NBT.01 Compare two four-digit numbers using symbols, >, <, and =. Justify comparisons based on the value of thousands, hundreds, tens, and ones.
• MAT-04.NO.NBT.02 Compare two numbers to the millions place and decimals to the hundredths place, using symbols >, <, and =. Justify comparisons based on the value of the digits.
• MAT-05.NO.NBT.02 Compare two decimals to thousandths using symbols >, <, and =. Justify comparisons based on the value of the digits.
• MAT-06.NO.NS.01 Explain and show the relationship between non-zero rational numbers and their opposites using horizontal and vertical number lines in authentic problems. Use rational numbers to represent quantities in authentic contexts and explain the meaning of 0 in certain situations.
• MAT-06.NO.NS.02 Write, interpret, and explain statements of order for rational numbers on a number line and in authentic contexts.
• MAT-07.NO.NS.01 Describe the absolute value of a number as its distance from zero on a number line.
• MAT-08.NO.NS.01 Compare and classify real numbers within the real number system.
• MAT-08.NO.NS.02 Use rational approximations of irrational numbers to compare the size of irrational numbers, locate them on a number line diagram, and estimate the value of irrational expressions involving one operation.
• MAT-08.NO.NS.03 Use scientific notation to represent very large or very small quantities. Interpret scientific notation generated by technology. Compare and order numbers in scientific and standard notation.
• MAT-09.AR.06 Solve linear equations and inequalities (to include compound inequalities) in one variable.
• MAT-09.AR.08 Graph the solution set to a two-variable system of linear equations. Create and graph the solution set to a two-variable system of linear inequalities in context.
• MAT-09.AR.09 Solve absolute value equations and inequalities in one or two variables.
• MAT-12.AR.09 Represent constraints by equations or inequalities and by systems of equations and/or inequalities and interpret solutions as viable or non-viable options in a modeling context.

8th Grade (MAT) Targeted Standard    (NO) Number and Operations  (O) Operations Learners will expand their computational fluency to create connections and solve problems within and across concepts.

Proficiency Scale

Progressions

Addition and Subtraction

• MAT-01.NO.NBT.03 Add within 100 using a two-digit number and a one-digit number. Use concrete models, drawings, and strategies that reflect an understanding of place value.
• MAT-02.NO.NBT.03 Add within 100 using place value strategies and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction.
• MAT-01.NO.NBT.04 Subtract multiples of 10 within 100 using concrete models, drawings, and strategies that reflect an understanding of place value.
• MAT-01.NO.NBT.05 Mentally add or subtract 10 to or from a given two-digit number and explain the reasoning used.
• MAT-02.NO.NBT.04 Subtract within 100 using place value strategies and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction.
• MAT-02.NO.NBT.05 Mentally add or subtract 10 or 100 to or from a given number between 100 and 900.
• MAT-03.NO.NBT.03 Add and subtract within 1000 using place value strategies, algorithms, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction.
• MAT-04.NO.NBT.04 Add and subtract multi-digit whole numbers to the one million place using strategies flexibly, including the algorithm.
• MAT-05.NO.NBT.05 Use concrete models, drawings, place value strategies, properties of operations, and/or relationships to add, subtract, and multiply decimals to hundredths.
• MAT-07.NO.O.01 Add, subtract, multiply, and divide integers using visual models and properties of operations in multi-step authentic and mathematical problems, including authentic problems.
• MAT-07.NO.O.02 Add, subtract, multiply, and divide non-negative fractions in multi-step problems, including authentic problems.
• MAT-07.NO.O.03 Add, subtract, multiply, and divide non-negative decimals to the hundredth place in multi-step problems using strategies or procedures, including authentic problems.
• MAT-08.NO.O.02 Add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers using strategies or procedures.
• MAT-09.NO.02 Perform basic operations on simple radical expressions to write a simplified equivalent expression.
• MAT-09.AR.11 Add, subtract, and multiply polynomials.
• MAT-12.NO.03 Demonstrate that the sum or product of two rational numbers is rational; that the sum of a rational number and an irrational number is irrational, and that the product of a nonzero rational number and an irrational number is irrational.
• MAT-12.AR.13 Add, subtract, and multiply polynomials beyond quadratics. Understand that polynomials form a system comparable to the integers, namely, they are closed under the operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication.
• MAT-12.NO.11 Represent addition, subtraction, multiplication, conjugation, powers, and roots of complex numbers geometrically on the complex and/or polar plane; use properties of this representation for computation.
• MAT-12.NO.17 Add and subtract vectors. Represent vector subtraction graphically by connecting the tips of the appropriate order and using the components to perform vector subtraction.
• MAT-12.NO.19 Represent data in a matrix. Perform operations (i.e., addition, subtraction, multiplication) on matrices of appropriate dimensions to solve problems and in context. Know that matrix multiplication is not commutative.

Multiplication and Division

• MAT-03.NO.NBT.04 Multiply one-digit whole numbers by multiples of 10 within 100.
• MAT-04.NO.NBT.05 Multiply a whole number up to four digits by a one-digit whole number and multiply two two digit numbers. Show and justify the calculation using equations, rectangular arrays, and models.
• MAT-05.NO.NBT.04 Multiply multi-digit whole numbers using strategies flexibly, including the algorithm.
• MAT-05.NO.NBT.07 Explain patterns in the number of zeros of the product when multiplying a number by powers of 10. Explain patterns in the placement of the decimal point when a decimal is multiplied or divided by a power of 10. Use whole-number exponents to denote powers of 10.
• MAT-04.NO.NBT.06 Find whole-number quotients and remainders with up to four-digit dividends and one-digit divisors using place value strategies. Show and justify the calculation by using equations, rectangular arrays, and models.
• MAT-05.NO.NBT.05 Use concrete models, drawings, place value strategies, properties of operations, and/or relationships to add, subtract, and multiply decimals to hundredths.
• MAT-05.NO.NBT.06 Find whole-number quotients and remainders with up to four-digit dividends and two-digit divisors using place value strategies. Show and justify the calculation using equations, rectangular arrays, and/or area models.
• MAT-06.NO.O.01 Divide multi-digit whole numbers up to four-digit dividends and two-digit divisors using strategies or procedures.
• MAT-07.NO.O.01 Add, subtract, multiply, and divide integers and positive rational numbers using visual models and properties of operations in multi-step problems, including authentic problems.
• MAT-07.NO.O.02 Add, subtract, multiply, and divide non-negative fractions in multi-step problems, including authentic problems.
• MAT-07.NO.O.03 Add, subtract, multiply, and divide non-negative decimals to the hundredth place in multi-step problems using strategies or procedures, including authentic problems.
• MAT-08.NO.O.01 Evaluate mentally the square roots of perfect squares up to 225 and cube roots of perfect cubes up to 1000.
• MAT-08.NO.O.02 Add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers using strategies or procedures.
• MAT-09.NO.02 Perform basic operations on radicals and simplify radicals to write equivalent expressions.
• MAT-09.AR.11 Add, subtract, and multiply polynomials.
• MAT-12.NO.03 Demonstrate that the sum or product of two rational numbers is rational, that the sum of a rational number and an irrational number is irrational, and that the product of a nonzero rational number and an irrational number is irrational.
• MAT-12.AR.13 Add, subtract, and multiply polynomials beyond quadratics. Understand that polynomials form a system comparable to the integers, namely, they are closed under the operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication.
• MAT-12.NO.11 Represent addition, subtraction, multiplication, conjugation, powers, and roots of complex numbers geometrically on the complex and/or polar plane; use properties of this representation for computation.
• MAT-12.NO.19 Represent data in a matrix. Perform operations (i.e., addition, subtraction, multiplication) on matrices of appropriate dimensions to solve problems and in context. Know that matrix multiplication is not commutative.

Adding and Subtracting Fractions

• MAT-04.NO.NF.06 Solve authentic word problems by adding and subtracting fractions and mixed numbers with like denominators (proper and improper fractions limited to denominators of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100).
• MAT-05.NO.NF.03 Solve authentic word problems by adding and subtracting fractions and mixed numbers with unlike denominators using a visual fraction model and/or equation.
• MAT-06.NO.O.02 Add and subtract fractions and decimals up to the hundredth place, including in authentic problems.
• MAT-07.NO.O.02 Add, subtract, multiply, and divide non-negative fractions in multi-step problems, including authentic problems.
• MAT-08.NO.O.02 Add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers using strategies or procedures.
• MAT-12.NO.04 Demonstrate that the sum or product of two rational numbers is rational, that the sum of a rational number and an irrational number is irrational, and that the product of a nonzero rational number and an irrational number is irrational.
• MAT-12.AR.05 Add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational expressions. Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to rational numbers, closed under addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division by a nonzero rational expression.
• MAT-12.NO.06 Know there is a complex number i such that i² = -1, and every complex number has the form a + bi with a and b real. Understand the hierarchal relationships among subsets of the complex number system.

Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

• MAT-04.NO.NF.07 Solve problems by multiplying fractions and whole numbers using visual fraction models (proper and improper fractions limited to denominators of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100).
• MAT-05.NO.NF.02 Explain why multiplying a given number by a fraction greater than one results in a product greater than the given number and explain why multiplying a given number by a fraction less than one results in a product smaller than the given number.
• MAT-05.NO.NF.04 Solve authentic word problems by multiplying fractions and mixed numbers using visual fraction models and equations.
• MAT-06.NO.O.03 Apply multiplication and division of fractions and decimals to solve and interpret problems using visual models, including authentic problems.
• MAT-07.NO.O.02 Add, subtract, multiply, and divide non-negative fractions in multi-step problems, including authentic problems.
• MAT-08.NO.O.02 Add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers using strategies or procedures.
• MAT-09.NO.02 Perform basic operations of simple radical expressions to write a simplified equivalent expression.
• MAT-12.NO.03 Demonstrate that the sum or product of two rational numbers is rational, that the sum of a rational number and an irrational number is irrational, and that the product of a nonzero rational number and an irrational number is irrational.
• MAT-12.NO.02 Perform basic operations on advanced radicals and simplify radicals to write equivalent expressions.
• MAT-12.AR.5 Add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational expressions. Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to rational numbers, closed under addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division by a nonzero rational expression.
• MAT-12.NO.06 Know there is a complex number i such that i² = -1, and every complex number has the form a + bi with a and b real. Understand the hierarchal relationships among subsets of the complex number system.